Common refractory materials for glass melting furnaces are mainly divided into four categories: fused cast refractory materials, sintered refractory materials, amorphous refractory materials and insulating refractory materials. Each type of material includes several types. The technical requirements of refractory materials such as chemical composition, physical properties, dimensional error and appearance quality should comply with national standards or industry standards, and the newly revised version should be used, otherwise they shall not be shipped out of the factory. Glass enterprises may require suppliers to provide functional indicators not included in national standards or industry standards according to actual needs, and may put forward requirements for certain functional indicators of refractory materials that are higher than the current standards. Refractory enterprises shall produce and supply according to the contract between the two parties.
(1) Fused cast refractory materials
Fused cast refractory materials have better resistance to glass liquid corrosion and alkali vapor corrosion, and are the furnace building materials for key parts of glass melting furnaces. Commonly used types include Al2O3-ZrO2-SiO2 series ZrO2 33%, 36%, 41% zirconium corundum bricks and Al2O3 series α-β alumina bricks and β alumina bricks. There are two melting processes: oxidation and reduction. The reduction method has been gradually eliminated in my country. Casting methods include normal casting (PT), tilted casting (QX), quasi-shrinkage-free casting (ZWS) and shrinkage-free casting (WS). In addition to general physical and chemical performance indicators, this type of brick has important performance indicators such as resistance to glass liquid corrosion, bubble precipitation rate and glass phase seepage temperature.
Fused-cast refractory materials should meet the technical requirements of the current standards of JC 493 and JC 494.
(2) Sintered refractory materials
Sintered refractory materials are important supporting refractory materials for many applications in glass melting furnaces. Commonly used are silica bricks, alkaline bricks, zircon bricks, zircon mullite bricks, mullite bricks, sillimanite bricks, high alumina bricks, clay bricks, etc.
Sintered refractory materials should meet the technical requirements of current standards such as YB/T 5014, JC/T 616, JC 497, YB/T 5011, GB/T 2988, YB/T 5108, YB/T 5106, JC/T 638, JC 495, etc.
(3) Amorphous refractory materials
The amount of amorphous refractory materials currently accounts for only 3% to 4% of the amount of refractory materials used in melting furnaces, but they are very important for the age of melting furnaces. Generally, amorphous refractory materials should use the same raw materials as shaped refractory materials (such as fused casting refractory materials and sintered refractory materials). Therefore, the common types and their corresponding shaped refractory materials have appropriate compositions.
Amorphous refractory materials shall comply with the technical requirements of current standards such as GB/T 2984, GB/T 14982, YB/T 384, YB/T 5009, YB/T 5083, and JC 498.
(4) Insulating refractory materials
Insulating refractory materials require small bulk density, low thermal conductivity, good thermal insulation effect, high refractoriness and mechanical strength, and no reaction with the refractory materials in contact. Commonly used insulating refractory materials include insulating bricks, insulating boards, insulating (lightweight) castables, insulating coatings, and refractory fibers.
Insulating refractory materials shall comply with the technical requirements of current standards such as GB/T 3994, GB/T 3995, YB 386, and GB 10699.
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