1. Classification of glass furnaces: Glass furnaces include glass melting furnaces, tin baths, annealing furnaces (three major thermal equipment for glass furnaces) and some glass processing furnaces.
The tin bath is a unique molding equipment for the production of float glass in the flat glass industry. The melted glass in the glass melting furnace completes the flattening, polishing, thinning and molding processes in the tin bath.
The annealing furnace is used to cool the formed glass products to ambient temperature. Most annealing furnaces are tunnel structures. The interior is divided into mesh belt type and roller type according to the way of conveying glass products. There are two heating methods: electric and gas fuel.
Compared with glass melting furnaces, tin baths and annealing furnaces use fewer refractory varieties, have a high degree of structural modularization, and are relatively easy to build and install.
2. Classification of glass melting furnaces:
There are many ways to classify glass melting furnaces. According to the amount of melted material and the type of product, they are divided into crucible furnaces and pool furnaces. Crucible furnaces are divided into reverse, upward, mixed, and parallel kilns according to the direction of gas flow. Crucible kiln features small melting volume, melting, clarification and cooling of glass liquid are all carried out in the crucible, production is discontinuous, suitable for small batch production (such as optical glass, light bulbs, glassware, etc.).
Glass tank kilns are divided by energy (flame, electric heating, flame-electric heating); by melting process (intermittent, continuous); by flue gas waste heat recovery method (heat storage, heat exchange); by the direction of flame flow in the kiln (horizontal flame kiln, horseshoe flame, vertical flame kiln); by manufacturing products (flat, daily glass kiln); by scale (kiln output daily: large 150 tons/day or more, medium 50-150 tons/day, small 50 tons/day; flat kiln: extra large 8 00 tons/day or more, super large 600-800 tons/day, large 400-600 tons/day, medium 200-400 tons/day, small below 200 tons/day); according to the melting area (for daily use: large 60m2 or more, medium 31-59m2, small below 30m2)
3. Kiln pool structure The thickness of the kiln bottom brick is generally 220-300mm, and the dry masonry method is used to reduce the brick joints and reduce the erosion of the glass liquid on the kiln bottom. When laying the kiln bottom bricks, it is required to penetrate the longitudinal and transverse bricks of the kiln, so that the position of the supporting beam part below can be configured as needed, and the kiln bottom bricks can be expanded and moved freely to a certain extent when heated and expanded. The depth of the kiln pool is 1200-1500mm. Since the fuel is burned and the raw materials are melted in the melting part, the temperature is as high as 1550-1580℃. The working flow and heat convection of the glass liquid are very intense, and the erosion and scouring of the pool wall are very serious. Therefore, the bricks used to build the pool wall are all selected from high temperature and erosion resistant refractory materials, such as fused zirconium corundum bricks.
4. The lattice bricks of the heat storage chamber are generally rectangular, cylindrical, cross-shaped refractory bricks, and cylindrical refractory materials. The materials can be clay bricks, alkaline bricks, fused zirconium corundum bricks, etc. The brick specifications of all glass factories are different.
5. Flue-In order to save energy, the modern glass industry usually sets a bypass flue at the end of the main flue before entering the chimney to enter the waste heat boiler. Produce steam, called the waste heat boiler flue. The flue is usually built with red bricks on the outside and clay refractory bricks on the inside. The chimney is generally built with bricks or reinforced concrete.
6. Commonly used refractory materials for glass melting furnaces
Glass production is a high-temperature operation. The molten glass can corrode the refractory materials in the furnace pool, and it is greatly corroded and damaged by the high temperature, flame and flying materials. The contamination of the glass liquid will also seriously affect the quality of the glass. Therefore, strict requirements should be imposed on the refractory materials used in glass melting furnaces. Commonly used refractory materials for glass melting furnaces are mainly divided into 4 categories (fused casting refractory materials, sintered refractory materials, amorphous refractory materials, and insulating refractory materials).
Fused casting refractory materials have the properties of resistance to erosion by glass liquid and alkali vapor, and are the furnace building materials for key parts of melting furnaces. Commonly used varieties include AL2O3-ZrO2-SiO2 series ZrO2 33%, 36%, 41% zirc...
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