Refractory materials for industrial kilns are mainly divided into four types: refractory materials for glass tank kilns, refractory materials for cement kilns, castables for ceramic kilns and refractory materials for coke ovens.
1. Refractory materials for glass tank kilns
According to the working environment of the glass tank kiln, taking into account the factors that cause damage to the kiln lining: chemical erosion, mechanical scouring, temperature fluctuations and high temperature effects, the selection of kiln materials mainly includes the following series:
(1) Al2O3-SiO2 series; mainly clay bricks and silica bricks.
(2) Al2O3-ZrO2-SiO2 series; mainly includes zircon bricks and fused zirconium corundum bricks. (3) ZrO2-SiO2 series; (4) MgO-Al2O3, MgO-Cr2O3, MgO-Sioz series; (5) Insulation materials 2. Refractory materials for cement kilns Refractory materials for cement kilns are multi-variety materials and should be used in combination. There are mainly the following categories: (1) Alkaline refractory materials; the main varieties of alkaline refractory materials are: magnesia chrome bricks, magnesia bricks, spinel bricks, dolomite bricks, etc. Magnesia chrome bricks are divided into ordinary magnesia chrome bricks, directly bonded magnesia chrome bricks, and semi-directly bonded magnesia chrome bricks. (2) Alumina-silicon refractory materials; in addition to general clay bricks and high-alumina bricks, alumina-silicon refractory materials for cement kilns have their own special requirements. Mainly wear resistance, alkali resistance, and temperature resistance. For this purpose, a series of special high-alumina bricks have been developed, such as phosphate-bonded high-alumina bricks, phosphate-bonded high-alumina wear-resistant bricks, anti-stripping high-alumina bricks, and alkali-resistant semi-acidic clay bricks.
(3) Insulating refractory materials; mainly include silicate cover plates and lightweight insulation bricks.
(4) Casting materials. Casting materials for cement kilns include high-strength and high-alkali castables, anti-scaling castables, low-cement refractory castables, special castables for kiln mouths, coal injection pipe castables, special castables for tertiary air ducts, and wear-resistant castables.
3. Castables for ceramic kilns
The inner wall material of the kiln wall is required to be resistant to high temperatures, and the type of refractory material selected is determined by the baking temperature of the product. (1) Clay refractory bricks are used at temperatures below 1300°C; (2) High alumina bricks are used at 1300-1400°C; (3) Silica bricks are used at 1400-1500°C; (4) Magnesia-alumina bricks are used at 1500-1600°C; (5) Corundum bricks are used below 1800°C.
4. Refractory materials for coke ovens (1) Refractory materials for carbonization chambers; clay bricks were mostly used in the past, but now they tend to be made of high-quality high alumina bricks, sillimanite bricks and andalusite bricks. (2) Refractory materials for combustion chambers. The combustion chamber and the carbonization chamber share the same furnace wall, and the bricks used are the same as those for the carbonization chamber. (3) Refractory materials for the furnace roof. Clay bricks are used to build the area around the coal loading hole on the furnace roof due to the large temperature fluctuations, and silica bricks are used to build other parts. (4) Refractory materials for ramps. The ramp connects the combustion chamber to the regenerator, and the brick structure must be stable and able to resist thermal stress. Small coke ovens use clay refractory bricks, while large and medium-sized coke ovens use silica bricks.
(5) Refractory materials for regenerators. The single wall, partition wall, bottom and lattice brick masonry of the regenerator of a small coke oven are all built with clay bricks, while the middle and upper masonry of the regenerator of a large and medium-sized coke oven are all built with silica bricks, so that the coke oven can expand evenly as a whole.
(6) Refractory materials for small flues. The small flue is located at the bottom of the regenerator and connected to the flue. The small flue is lined with clay bricks.
5. Refractory materials for fluidized bed incinerators
The combustion temperature of the fluidized bed incinerator is 750-870℃. Because the materials (carriers and waste slag) in the furnace are turbulent and boiling, the lining material requires heat-resistant and wear-resistant refractory materials. This furnace is cast with heat-resistant and wear-resistant concrete with a total thickness of 250mm. The inner layer uses 150mm lightweight heat-resistant concrete as the insulation layer; the outer layer (working layer) is poured with 100mm thick aluminum phosphate alumina concrete [alumina clinker: low calcium aluminate cement: aluminum hydroxide fine powder: aluminum phosphate solution 100: 25: 25: 20-24 (Wt)], or light insulation bricks and first-grade high alumina bricks (L2-65) are used for masonry.
Different refractory materials are applicable to different fields. It is the right choice to use appropriate refractory materials according to different fields.
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